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题库解析   >   主旨题 题型   >   RC13-16篇
本题由lindy提供
RC13-16篇

Is it possible to decrease inflation without causing a recession and its concomitant increase line in unemployment? The orthodox answer

is "no." whether they support the "inertia" theory of inflation (that today's inflation rate is caused by yesterday's inflation, the state of the economic cycle, and external influences such as import prices) or the "rational expectations" theory (that inflation is caused by workers' and employers' expectations, coupled with a lack of credible monetary and fiscal policies), most economists agree that tight monetary and fiscal policies, which cause recessions, are necessary to decelerate inflation. They point out that in the 1980's, many European countries and the United States conquered high (by these countries' standards) inflation, but only by applying tight monetary and fiscal policies that sharply increased unemployment. Nevertheless, some governments' policymakers insist that direct controls on wages and prices, without tight monetary and fiscal policies, can succeed in decreasing inflation. Unfortunately, because this approach fails to deal with the underlying causes of inflation, wage and price controls eventually collapse, the hitherto-repressed inflation resurfaces, and in the meantime, though the policy-makers succeed in avoiding a recession, a frozen structure of relative prices imposes distortions that do damage to the economy's prospects for long-term growth.

The primary purpose of the passage is to


    A.apply two conventional theories.

    B.examine a generally accepted position

    C.support a controversial policy

    D.explain the underlying causes of a phenomenon

    E.propose an innovative solution


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答案:
B
文章首先自
问自答,要 decrease inflation可不可以不造成recession和unemployments,答案是不能! 不管是IT派还是RET派,都同意TM和TFP,对于控制通货膨胀是必须的,但是TM和TFP会造成recession。1980s 欧洲和美国只通过TM和TFP去控制通货膨胀,失业率激增。 (也就是 /控制通货膨胀所必须的 TM和TFP→会造成recession和unemployments) 但是 some governments’ policymakers insist 直接控制wage和price就可以控制通货膨胀 不幸的是,这种做法忽略了 underlying causes of inflation,,而且这种被控制的价格造成的distortions 会do damage to the economy’s prospects for longterm growth。 选项A apply two conventional theories.与文章结构不符, 选项B 正确 a generally accepted position就是decrease inflation可不可以不造成recession和unemployments,答案是不能!,文章后面都是在验证这个 选项C support a controversial policy与文章结构不符 选项D underlying causes 没有讲通货膨胀原因 选项E 没有提出新解决方案

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